鉴于读起来有点奇怪,找到原文尝试重新翻译一下。
- In academic literature, AI researchers often call these mistakes "hallucinations." But that label has grown controversial as the topic becomes mainstream because some people feel it anthropomorphizes AI models (suggesting they have human-like features) or gives them agency (suggesting they can make their own choices) in situations where that should not be implied. The creators of commercial LLMs may also use hallucinations as an excuse to blame the AI model for faulty outputs instead of taking responsibility for the outputs themselves.
在学术文献中,AI 研究员通常称这类错误是“向壁虚造”。但随着人工智能的话题成为主流,这样的标签备受争议,一些人认为它赋予了 AI 人性化的特点,或者给予了它们自行决定的权利,而这些权限本不该为 AI 所拥有。商业性大型语言模型的建立者也同样用杜撰来责难 AI 模型生成错误的内容,自己也得以开脱。
- Still, generative AI is so new that we need metaphors borrowed from existing ideas to explain these highly technical concepts to the broader public. In this vein, we feel the term "confabulation," although similarly imperfect, is a better metaphor than "hallucination." In human psychology, a "confabulation" occurs when someone's memory has a gap and the brain convincingly fills in the rest without intending to deceive others. ChatGPT does not work like the human brain, but the term "confabulation" arguably serves as a better metaphor because there's a creative gap-filling principle at work, as we'll explore below.
目前,生成式 AI 的出现为时不久,我们需要现存于理念的隐喻来阐释这些高技术概念,以更好推广。基于此,我们认为,“无稽之谈”(confabulation)虽与“向壁虚造”类似,也并非完美,但仍好于后者。人类心理学认为,记忆若出现空缺,大脑便自信地为其填充内容,尽管无意地欺骗别人,但也做出了无稽之谈。正如我们紧接着要研究的那样,由于在 ChatGPT 运行时也会存在有意义地填补空缺原则,所以尽管它的运行并不类似大脑,但“无稽之谈”有理由是更好的比喻。
- Whether the GPT model makes a wild guess or not is based on a property that AI researchers call "temperature," which is often characterized as a "creativity" setting. If the creativity is set high, the model will guess wildly; if it's set low, it will spit out data deterministically based on its data set.
AI 研究员使用“温和度”一词来表示创造性这一属性,来判断 GTP 模型是否在肆意猜测。创造性设置得强,模型就会胡猜乱想;设置得低,输出的信息就完全由设定的数据决定。
- "It was not built to be factual and thus will not be factual. It's as simple as that."
建造 AI 并不是为了实事求是,因此也没产出求实的内容。原因就这么简单。
注:- hallucination 有妄想,毫无事实根据的想法之义,结合上下文往这方面措辞也比较合适。confabulation 同样是虚构,但是无意识的,并非有意的,所以选择了相对客观的“无稽之谈”,和向壁虚构、杜撰、臆造等一样都是没有根据地捏造,但后二者的动作性较强,意识性也相对强一点,由此做出区分。
- 温和度似乎比温度好。温和度对应AI 胡编乱造的狂野性(wildly),温度更倾向冷热程度这种外在客观。
综上,二手信息果然难以准确还原一手的内容,语言壁垒也不经意地让翻译损耗了部分原意。 |